Achalasia treatment: A review of per-oral endoscopic myotomy and laparoscopic heller myotomy
Peer-Reviewed Publication Xia & He Publishing Inc. image: An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers are shown from inside out: mucosa (intact except at the incision), submucosa (tunneled space), muscular layers […]
