Targeting ‘hunger hormone’ receptor could boost quality of life for people with Parkinson’s disease

Considered the natural “hunger hormone,” ghrelin could be the key to preventing debilitating chronic constipation experienced by people living with Parkinson’s disease, University of Queensland researchers have found.

The research is published in the journal Molecular Cell.

Associate Professor Sebastian Furness from the UQ School of Biomedical Sciences said the team discovered the body’s receptor for ghrelin had a critical role in the normal function of the spinal defecation center—an area of the body in the lower spinal cord that controls bowel movements.

“The ‘reward molecule’ dopamine is a neurotransmitter and chemical messenger responsible for controlling bowel movements, but we’ve shown that to work properly in this setting it needs a partner, and that partner is the receptor for ghrelin,” Dr. Furness said.

“We’re translating this knowledge about normal physiology into a major step toward improving the quality of life for people with Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that causes chronic constipation in up to 90% of patients. Chronic constipation is debilitating and is one of the biggest factors in the reduction in the quality of life for people with Parkinson’s because it is poorly managed by current approaches.”

Dr. Furness said Parkinson’s disease can cause changes in the spinal control pathway for defecation, which is why constipation is a common problem for patients.

“While Parkinson’s affects dopamine-carrying neurons in the brain, the dopamine-carrying neurons responsible for defecation are not, and our research suggests targeting the ghrelin receptor could overcome the changes in the spinal defecation control pathway,” Dr. Furness said.

“We will now explore how medicines targeting the ghrelin receptor may help coordinate voluntary defecation and alleviate chronic constipation for people with Parkinson’s disease. This discovery might allow us to substantially improve the lives for people living with Parkinson’s disease.”

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